【中国古代发明】记中医药文化发展轨迹 三
中药的应用
中药的应用历史源远流长，对中华民族的繁衍昌盛，起到重大作用，至今仍在人们的医疗保健中占有重要地位。中药理论及实践经验反映了中国文化的特点。中药大多来源于天然药，毒副作用小，而且一味药物多种成分，广泛用于治疗多种疾病。中药又多采取复方的形式应用，通过合理的配伍组方，既可适应复杂病情，又能提高药效，降低毒副作用。 中药的应用是以中医学理论为基础，以药物作用于人体所产生的治疗效果为依据的。中药的治疗功效是由其自身的药性所决定的。中药的药性主要有四气五味（寒热温凉及酸苦甘辛咸）、升降浮沉、归经、毒性。为了安全有效地应用中药，必须掌握中药的配伍、禁忌、剂量、服法以及调剂等基本知识。配伍是按照病情的不同需要和药性的不同特点，有选择地将一种以上药物合在一起使用。禁忌主要包括配伍禁忌、妊娠禁忌、饮食禁忌和症候禁忌。剂量指临床用药的分量，包括单味药及中成药成人一日量，也包括方剂中每味药物之间的比例用量。剂量的大小根据药物的性质、剂型、配伍、患者年龄、体质、病情及季节变化等多种因素确定。中医中药的发展
今后中医中药的研究方向主要是，突出中医优势，突出研究切入点，突出成果转化应用。基于临床疗效和临床问题，坚持中医药的原创性，开展病证方、方病证、证病方等相关系统研究；建立国际上认可的适合中医药自身特点的临床疗效评价标准，从术语证候规范化、疾病证候分类、中医药知识产权保护等方面推进中医药的标准化、国际化；选择确有临床疗效的慢性疾病中的优势病种，或组建多学科交叉的国际化大团队对中医基础理论及针灸、中药、方剂的作用机理进行深入研究；选用先进方法推进本草基因组、中药和方剂体内代谢的研究；中药药效分类理论、中药配伍禁忌系统的研究；中药的质量标准和质量控制的系统研究；濒危和珍稀中药品种的保护和替代研究；回归经典，把“经络”和“脉络”的研究分开，明确穴位的概念和内涵；选择远端取穴治疗脏腑疾病，进行穴位与非穴位的比较研究，并对国际上的负面观点做出回应；穴位效应与穴位配伍规律的生物学基础研究；建立中医药研究信息库，对成果转化情况进行常态、动态统计分析，以促进成果对中医药理论的丰富和发展，指导临床，提高疗效；凝练新的科学问题；建立中药化学成分库、组分库、活性库、方剂库，同时建立符合国际标准的临床样本资源库；推进中医药基础学科的三级学科进一步分化，中医药基础研究的研究方法：一是中医药思维模式的研究；二是基于临床提炼科学问题，围绕临床疗效展开基础研究；三是整合基础与临床研究优势，建立基础医学、药物研发与临床应用联合的研究模式，进行应用创新研究；四是重点开展具有临床应用潜力的基础研究，建立基础研究成果转化为临床诊疗应用技术的平台，促进成果转化；五是中医基础理论四种研究模式与方法：临床—总结—再临床—再总结；以临床疗效为基础，以特色疗法为载体，总结创新理论；以临床疗效为基础，以若干中药成方为载体，研究中药组方配伍理论；文献整理挖掘，提炼升华理论；Service Box Type 1
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The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A major risk factor is increased pressure in the eye.
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The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A risk factor is increased pressure in eye.
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- Visual acuity test
- Retinoscopy & Refraction testing
- Ophthalmoscope & slit lamp test
- Non-contact Tonometer & Tonopen test
- Digital Retinal Photography & Visual field screener
- Visual acuity test
- Retinoscopy & Refraction testing
- Ophthalmoscope & slit lamp test
- Non-contact Tonometer & Tonopen test
- Digital Retinal Photography & Visual field screener
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