简介:
老年黄斑变性为黄斑区结构的衰老性改变。主要表现为视网膜色素上皮细胞对视细胞外节盘膜吞噬消化能力下降,结果使未被完全消化的盘膜残余小体潴留于基底部细胞原浆中,并向细胞外排出,沉积于Bruch膜,形成玻璃膜疣。由于黄斑部结构与功能上的特殊性,此种改变更为明显。玻璃膜疣也见于正常视力的老年人,但由此继发的种种病理改变后,则导致黄斑部变性发生。分类:
老年性黄斑变性分为干性和湿性两种,在最新调研中50岁以上人群的患病率占15.5%,其中湿性占11.9%,就是指有新生血管的;干性占88.1%,就是没有出血,有视力下降,但比较缓慢,没有湿性那么严重。 与干性相比,湿性AMD进展得更为迅速,而且导致更严重的中心视力丧失。湿性老年性黄斑变性的脉络膜血管异常增生,这些新生血管是相当不健康的,它们突破玻璃膜,进入视网膜下面,这种不健康新生血管相当容易破裂出血,出血以后形成的疤痕是老年性黄斑变性终末期的改变①干性型:早期可见黄斑区色素紊乱,中心凹反光不清,有散在的玻璃疣。发病晚期,黄斑部可有金属样反光,视网膜色素上皮萎缩呈地图状,可见囊样变性。 ②湿性型:多有融合的边界不清的玻璃疣,黄斑有暗黑色图形,或不规则的病灶,隆起范围可在1-3个PD,大量视网膜下出血,可进入玻璃体内,形成玻璃体出血晚期病变区呈灰白色瘢痕。眼底荧光血管造影表现:
呈现透见荧光时,表现视网膜色素上皮萎缩,色素沉着处可有遮蔽荧光,早期有花边状或网状新生血管,后期有荧光素渗漏(湿性型)治疗及预防
1、预防为主,早期治疗 老年黄斑变性,黄斑区玻璃疣是在本病病程的最早期阶段,病变最轻,但它潜伏的危险性很大,此时最不可麻痹大意。少年黄斑变性的患者,早期中心视力有所下降,但眼底改变不明显,此时应及时发现早期用药,坚持治疗。在任何疾病的过程中,病程最早期,病变最轻阶段,都是最好的治疗时机,有更多的机会阻止病程进展。 2、急重病例,标本共治 当黄斑区出现血性色素上皮脱离,神经上皮脱离以及积血进入玻璃体,是病程急剧进展,视功能严重受损的征象,这种病例常反复发作,直至视力严重损伤或完全丧失。对于这种严重病例,必须全力积极治疗,我们会根据病情的不同阶段,运用不同的治疗方法。魏氏中医眼科运用中医药治疗黄斑变性具有很大优势
黄斑变性的治疗,目前现代医学没有特效的治疗方法,临床也常根据病程的阶段,使用抗氧化剂,维生素类,止血剂,以及视神经营养药或细胞激活制剂。对脉络膜有新生血管的施行光凝术。此时,光凝虽然可以封闭已经存在的新生血管,但对周围血液循环也会造成不同程度的损伤进而导致局部视网膜萎缩,造成视野缺损。并且不能阻止新的新生血管的形成,目前临床常用雷珠单抗用于抑制新生血管的再生。但其容易引起血管出血的问题也要引起关注和警惕。所以以上的治疗大多为对标治疗。容易反复。中医中药有着独特的药理作用,不会对视网膜组织造成损伤,标本兼治。分别采取塞流止血,益气通络,清热凉血,活血化瘀,有浆液性渗出者,则健脾化痰,祛湿理气。晚期出血吸收缓慢,化瘀行气,软坚散结,对于大量的瘢痕形成,兼以滋补肝肾,软坚散结,对于早期视力下降轻者,黄斑色素紊乱改变为主,调补肝肾,益气养血通络。几十年来魏氏中医眼科充分利用现代的科学仪器,扩大望诊范围,利用眼底镜,、裂隙灯、眼底血管造影,OCT,视野计等检查手段,对眼内的组织结构、病理改变以及视功能的损伤程度等进行客观,全面的把握,参照现代医学的研究成果,做到中西互参,从从宏观上把握,微观上分析,西医诊断、中医治疗,充分发挥中西医结合优势。The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Read More...Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A major risk factor is increased pressure in the eye.
Read More...The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Read More...Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A risk factor is increased pressure in eye.
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The type of vision problem that you have determines the shape of the eyeglass lens.