西医的认识:
凡是各种原因如老化,遗传、局部营养障碍、免疫与代谢异常,外伤、中毒、辐射等,都能引起晶状体代谢紊乱,导致晶状体蛋白质变性而发生混浊,称为白内障,此时光线被混浊晶状体阻扰无法投射在视网膜上,就不能看清物体。世界卫生组织从群体防盲,治盲角度出发,对晶状体发生变性和混浊,变为不透明,以至影响视力,而矫正视力在0.7(4.9)或以下者,才归入白内障诊断范围。分先天性和后天性。中医的认识:
中医古籍中无白内障之名。今之所谓白内障一病,包括在内障眼病这一大类之中,如圆翳内障、如银内障等。唐代《外台秘要》将本病称为“脑流青盲眼”,谓:“无所因起,忽然漠漠,不痛不痒……小珠子里,乃有其障,作青白色,虽不辨物,犹知明暗三光。”症状描述颇为仔细。由于各人睛珠混浊的程度、颜色、形态、位置及原因不同,名称各有所异。宋元时代《秘传眼科龙本抡》一书,对内障眼病分类有23种之多,每种症候,均作了具体论述,后世的《世医得效方》、《审视瑶函》、《证治准绳》、《目经大成》等医书也多有论及。在病机方面,《龙木论》认为主要由肝风或肝脏积热所致,元代倪维德则强调“阴弱不能配阳”,肾阴不足为其本。明代《针灸大成》认为其病因为“怒气伤肝,血不就舍,肾水枯竭,气血耗散。”在治疗方面,古代治法也多种多样,药物治疗,《千金要方》中的神曲丸(即磁株丸)被后世医家誉为“开瞽第一品方”,《龙本论》中还载有20首治疗内障眼病的专方。针灸治疗,早在《针灸甲乙经》就有记载,以后的《千金方》、《龙木论》均有许多介绍。《针灸大成》在提出针灸处方的同时,也客观地指出“亦难治疗”。此外,中医还较早运用手术治疗本病,如《外台秘要》“用金篦决”,《龙木论》较详细地论述了金针拨障术。简要临床分类:
临床上将老年性白内障分为皮质性,核心性和囊下三种类型。 1,皮质性白内障(cortical cataract)以晶体皮质灰白色混浊为主要特征,其发展过程可分为四期:初发期,未成熟期,成熟期,过熟期。 2,核心性白内障(nuclear cataract) 晶体混浊多从胚胎核开始,逐渐扩展至成人核,早期呈黄色,随着混浊加重,色泽渐加深如深黄色,深棕黄色,核的密度增大,屈光指数增加,病人常诉说老视减轻或近视增加,早期周边部皮质仍为透明,因此,在黑暗处瞳孔散大视力增进,而在强光下瞳孔缩小视力反而减退,故一般不等待皮质完全混浊即行手术。3,后囊下白内障(posterior subcapsular cataract),因混浊位于视轴区,早期即影响视力。起病要点:
西医认为凡是各种原因如老化,遗传,局部营养障碍,免疫与代谢异常,外伤,中毒,辐射等,都能引起晶状体代谢紊乱,导致晶状体蛋白质变性而发生混浊,导致白内障。 中医认为本病由年老体衰,或先天禀赋不足,或外伤、暴力等原因引起,其病机主要有以下两个方面:包括肝肾阴虚和脾胃气虚。 一、肝肾阴虚:肝开窍于目,目得肝血而能视,瞳神为水轮属肾,肾精充足则精采光明。若因年老体衰,精气不充,或因劳心过多,阴血专耗散,或先天禀赋不足,则可导致肝血不足、肝阴亏损及肾精不足,且肝肾同源,精血互生,故肝肾阴虚常同时存在。精血不足,肝肾两虚,则晶珠失养而成内障。 二、脾胃气虚:年老体弱,脾胃气虚,运化失司,气血生化匮乏,目失濡养,则导致本病的发生,且脾失健运,气机升降失常,清气不升,浊气不降,亦可导致本病。 三、年老之人皆少动多静之体,血运因之而迟滞缓慢,久而形成瘀血。又因外伤、暴力,晶珠惊震,气滞血瘀,侵扰神水而逐渐混浊变白。另外,瘀血不去,新血不生,血不充盈,也可使晶珠失荣,以致内障渐生。The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Read More...Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A major risk factor is increased pressure in the eye.
Read More...The cornea is the eye's outermost layer. It is dome-shaped surface front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Read More...Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. A risk factor is increased pressure in eye.
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The type of vision problem that you have determines the shape of the eyeglass lens.